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station this is houston are you ready

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houston this is the international space

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station ready for the event

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senator nelson this is mission control

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houston please call the station for a

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this is bill nelson i'm in the senate

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senator nelson i read you loud and clear

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dr marshburn

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you are

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one who joined nasa in 1994

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as a flight surgeon

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and ten years later you were selected to

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become

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a member of the astronaut office

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your sp first space flight came in 09

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aboard endeavour

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and now you're on your second trip to

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space

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you've spent the last four and a half

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months orbiting the earth

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on the station uh what is your specific

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location right now

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well senator right now i'm at the

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forward end of the space station i'm the

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japanese experiment module so our

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velocity vector is that way we're flying

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that way all around me and behind me is

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the vacuum of space behind me is

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actually an external platform that's

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encrusted with experiments looking at

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the earth and looking at space

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so this is a

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module like all the other laboratories

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here behind all the walls just filled

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with the experiments and racks that we

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work on

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so that's my location now and and you're

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right this is the uh come to the end of

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a four month mission feeling

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adapted feeling great

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it's been

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wonderful being able to be efficient and

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get a lot done up here it's very

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well in the early part of the space

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shuttle program we never had any time to

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get to the window

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because every minute was planned with

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our experiments or else we were supposed

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to be sleeping

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many times of which we didn't that's

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when we had time to get to the window

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uh do you have a lot of time to look

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well actually during the day not a lot

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of time uh now one of our experiments

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one of our payloads we call them that we

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are participating in is crew earth

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observations looking at uh flooding

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sites i was just we were just flying

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over saudi arabia earlier today looking

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at some of the flooding that's been

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occurring there getting photographs to

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the ground right away for disaster

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response or for a better understanding

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of what's going on in that part of the

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world so immediate immediate contact

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with the earth that's when we can see

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the earth have time to see the earth

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during the day but you're right it's at

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night time usually past the sleep time

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that we get a chance to float up to the

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window or with our colleagues and spend

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some time

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looking out the window and they're as

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well in the cupola

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i understand it's almost like three

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dimension

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what's it like to look back at the earth

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well i i wish every head of state around

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the world could come and see our earth

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from the cupola it is a 360 degree view

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and directly overhead overhead is the

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earth so we're actually from an earth

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standpoint to have our heads down

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but i've found that i've fallen in love

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with the earth again

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the

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incredible

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beauty nuance uh the colors the variants

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from country to country and from season

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to season is uh is remarkable and it's

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impossible to pull you're almost

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impossible to pull your eyes away from

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it

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what strikes every astronaut is that

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there are no borders down there and that

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with our lives with our international

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partners up here

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knocks down a lot of the barriers that

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we have for for

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getting getting through technological

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difficulties and language difficulties

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and and cultural differences and we

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actually share that looking out the

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window together so the earth is riveting

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it's beautiful uh

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our existence on there appears to be

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very fragile the atmosphere is very thin

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so we try to get pictures to convey that

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to everyone on the ground it really

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changes the way you see the earth and

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tom you look pretty good you look like

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you're physically fit

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uh we've been concerned that there's

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bone loss

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in zero g for extended periods of time

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tell us about the things that you're

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trying to do to keep yourself in shape

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which you obviously have

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and how do you adjust to the fact that

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the fluids

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shift into the upper torso outside of

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we're exactly right that's one of the

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biggest challenges uh another way of

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putting that actually the zero gravity

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and the atrophy that occurs in the

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muscles and the bones and our heart and

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blood vessels as well that on top of the

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radiation we're getting from the outside

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uh high radiation doses up here where

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all radiation workers all of that is

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accelerates it's it's an analog for

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acceleration of the aging process so it

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actually offers an opportunity to do a

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lot of research

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you can do in a few years what you can

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only do on the ground in decades through

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the final years of someone's life

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so

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what we've been doing is research on

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that area i believe that we're getting

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close to solving the problem for the

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bone and muscle atrophy that you've

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alluded to

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we i'll exercise two and a half hours a

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day a little bit of cardiovascular a lot

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of resistance exercise uh we i'm

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participating right now on the subject

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in an experiment where we're looking at

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dietary changes it's called pro-k

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and seeing if we can tweak the diet

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with the right protein to potassium

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ratio to actually

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reduce bone loss

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our food group has also worked very hard

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on changing our food reducing the salt

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in the food

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and has actually been invited to a lot

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of conferences around the country

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because the food is great it's wonderful

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it's great tasting and it's relatively

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low in salt so again we don't leech the

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the bone out of our bodies so these are

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all avenues that we're working on

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to

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heart and our blood vessel status

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feel great i think i'm going to

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certainly be ready to stand up and walk

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around when i get back to the earth but

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so you've been there four and a half

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months uh do you think when you first

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stand up back on earth you'll be able to

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i think so i was able to after my

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shuttle flight

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i didn't exercise as much on the shuttle

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flight as i have here i've been very

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diligent about it

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there will be people around if there's

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any problems there's a lot of variants

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amongst astronauts about how they adapt

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when they arrive and when they

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when they come back so we don't know

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everything about it but i certainly hope

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so i intend on trying to stand up uh i'm

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going to take some fluids into my body

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either through an iv or drinking some

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water because you may know that we lose

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body fluids up here as well our body

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interprets

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zero gravity by saying hey there's too

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much fluid on board and it gets rid of

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it it adapts very well to space and so

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it takes some time to adapt again to the

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ground when you get back so all of that

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together i think we're prepared

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there's a lot of interesting research in

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that area as well but i think we're

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well when you get back i want you to

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tell me if you were able to stand

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immediately

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i tried and i fell right over

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i want to introduce

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senator ted cruz

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my co-leader of the

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science and space subcommittee of the

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commerce committee senator cruz is from

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texas

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his hometown as a matter of fact is

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houston but he's on the opposite side uh

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clear lake you're on the

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southeast side he's over a little bit to

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the west

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senator cruz

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thank you senator nelson i want to thank

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you dr marshburn for your service and

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and i'd love to just ask a question uh

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what surprised you the most about your

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time on the space station is there

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something you didn't expect that now

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four and a half months into it has

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yes what surprised me

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uh was that how busy and vibrant life

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and the work here on the space station

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is the space station is a hard place to

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go to sleep

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because if it's not looking out the

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window it is every moment enjoying the

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effects of zero gravity and especially

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the work during the day we are busy as

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can be and in a wonderful way

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we've just you may know we've just uh

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added

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up to four comm loops we can talk to

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scientists all around the world and if

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for a few days we've had every loop

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socked in with conversation with

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scientists as we do experiments there's

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so much going on up here it's it's just

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hard to stop quite frankly it's it's

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hard to stop and go to sleep and

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and

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leave it alone for a while so that's

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very honestly that is what shocked me

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is there particular research that you're

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working on now that you're able to

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discuss that you think is is exciting or

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i actually i don't know where to start

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um

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being a doctor i'll be uh preferential

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to to those experiments just yesterday i

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was finalizing our uh

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i was the first subject along with my

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colleagues first subjects in the spinal

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ultrasound study

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using ultrasound as we all know it on

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the ground but in a very novel way

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looking at our spines doing something

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that's good for human space flight that

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is figuring out what is the cause of

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back pain which is something that occurs

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in some astronauts

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particularly maybe even back injury when

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we get back to the earth and we put our

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spine under compression again

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and comparing these ultrasound images to

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mri now we have ultrasound

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on the ground obviously they don't

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usually use it for the back

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but what's

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very exciting about this is that we are

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finding ways to use ultrasound even

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being able to visualize the spinal cord

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in ways that are completely unexpected

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there are countries and obviously places

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even in the united states where there

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are no mris are no cat scanners even in

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emergency rooms where the wait is eight

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to ten hours in the middle of a city

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this is one example a small example but

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one example of how

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nasa is using a current technology

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applying it to a very difficult problem

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that is bringing medical care to

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00:11:08,310 --> 00:11:06,720
astronauts where we don't have a

284
00:11:10,069 --> 00:11:08,320
hospital up here

285
00:11:12,630 --> 00:11:10,079
and that has developed techniques and

286
00:11:14,150 --> 00:11:12,640
processes that can be used on the earth

287
00:11:17,110 --> 00:11:14,160
that's been done many times as a matter

288
00:11:19,269 --> 00:11:17,120
of fact i'll just have to say

289
00:11:20,949 --> 00:11:19,279
training for every surgical resident in

290
00:11:23,829 --> 00:11:20,959
the united states right now

291
00:11:25,990 --> 00:11:23,839
uses a technique that was developed by

292
00:11:28,389 --> 00:11:26,000
people that were solving a problem for

293
00:11:30,710 --> 00:11:28,399
nasa onboard the space station

294
00:11:32,310 --> 00:11:30,720
that is very essential for trauma care

295
00:11:34,470 --> 00:11:32,320
in the first hour

296
00:11:35,750 --> 00:11:34,480
it's saving lives right now this is a

297
00:11:38,150 --> 00:11:35,760
part of training for every resident

298
00:11:39,829 --> 00:11:38,160
surgical resident and surgeon in the u.s

299
00:11:41,670 --> 00:11:39,839
right now it's been adopted it came

300
00:11:43,990 --> 00:11:41,680
completely from the desire to provide

301
00:11:46,069 --> 00:11:44,000
medical care for astronauts

302
00:11:48,470 --> 00:11:46,079
so and that was an ultrasound technique

303
00:11:49,829 --> 00:11:48,480
as well so i'm very excited about it as

304
00:11:52,790 --> 00:11:49,839
a doctor but i think it's a great

305
00:11:54,870 --> 00:11:52,800
example of what happens when you ask

306
00:11:57,269 --> 00:11:54,880
very smart people to do a very hard

307
00:11:59,030 --> 00:11:57,279
thing and tell them also you're helping

308
00:12:00,629 --> 00:11:59,040
the exploration of the universe

309
00:12:04,790 --> 00:12:00,639
it's a great combination and wonderful

310
00:12:04,800 --> 00:12:07,750
terrific thank you

311
00:12:14,230 --> 00:12:10,790
tell us about are you still doing

312
00:12:16,949 --> 00:12:14,240
crystal growth in zero g

313
00:12:19,509 --> 00:12:16,959
and if not

314
00:12:21,990 --> 00:12:19,519
what are some of the promising

315
00:12:23,350 --> 00:12:22,000
medical research

316
00:12:26,230 --> 00:12:23,360
experiments

317
00:12:33,269 --> 00:12:26,240
for example in the development of drugs

318
00:12:37,110 --> 00:12:35,269
there is crystallography and crystal

319
00:12:38,870 --> 00:12:37,120
research going on right now particularly

320
00:12:40,389 --> 00:12:38,880
in this module in the japanese

321
00:12:43,509 --> 00:12:40,399
experiment module

322
00:12:45,509 --> 00:12:43,519
that is one experiment we we are

323
00:12:47,590 --> 00:12:45,519
astronauts are subjects as well as

324
00:12:49,829 --> 00:12:47,600
surrogate scientists but we're also lab

325
00:12:52,389 --> 00:12:49,839
technicians we get things going and let

326
00:12:53,670 --> 00:12:52,399
them run and the crystal growth

327
00:12:56,150 --> 00:12:53,680
experiments there's several of them

328
00:12:57,990 --> 00:12:56,160
actually and we stock them we let get

329
00:12:59,430 --> 00:12:58,000
them going and then we resupply them to

330
00:13:01,269 --> 00:12:59,440
the ground

331
00:13:02,790 --> 00:13:01,279
so that's going on all the time

332
00:13:04,069 --> 00:13:02,800
in my opinion one of the greatest

333
00:13:05,990 --> 00:13:04,079
achievements recently on the space

334
00:13:08,389 --> 00:13:06,000
station is the ability to turn that into

335
00:13:10,870 --> 00:13:08,399
a an assembly line a process whereby we

336
00:13:13,430 --> 00:13:10,880
can bring up lots of samples of crystals

337
00:13:14,790 --> 00:13:13,440
lots of samples of proteins

338
00:13:16,550 --> 00:13:14,800
and then

339
00:13:18,310 --> 00:13:16,560
put them up in these laboratories return

340
00:13:19,910 --> 00:13:18,320
them to the earth and then companies and

341
00:13:21,509 --> 00:13:19,920
scientists universities can go back and

342
00:13:23,670 --> 00:13:21,519
look at them and

343
00:13:25,590 --> 00:13:23,680
really define proteins to a level

344
00:13:27,670 --> 00:13:25,600
they've never been able to before uh

345
00:13:29,190 --> 00:13:27,680
you're probably familiar with uh

346
00:13:31,509 --> 00:13:29,200
better description of the genes that

347
00:13:33,990 --> 00:13:31,519
cause duchene's muscular dystrophy

348
00:13:35,750 --> 00:13:34,000
there's a

349
00:13:38,230 --> 00:13:35,760
any number of drugs that have been uh

350
00:13:40,310 --> 00:13:38,240
coming through it's fairly rare that a

351
00:13:42,310 --> 00:13:40,320
useful um

352
00:13:44,310 --> 00:13:42,320
application is discovered but now with

353
00:13:46,389 --> 00:13:44,320
the accelerated numbers that we're able

354
00:13:50,310 --> 00:13:46,399
to process up here on the space station

355
00:13:51,509 --> 00:13:50,320
i feel that the the uh the findings and

356
00:13:52,949 --> 00:13:51,519
the discoveries are going to be

357
00:13:55,910 --> 00:13:52,959
accelerating coming out much more

358
00:13:58,470 --> 00:13:55,920
frequent much quicker much more quickly

359
00:14:00,629 --> 00:13:58,480
uh other things outside crystallography

360
00:14:03,030 --> 00:14:00,639
uh you're probably familiar with the

361
00:14:04,790 --> 00:14:03,040
salmonella vaccine which came out of

362
00:14:07,910 --> 00:14:04,800
being able to bring up is something no

363
00:14:09,829 --> 00:14:07,920
one ever expected but bring up bacteria

364
00:14:10,870 --> 00:14:09,839
microorganisms up here and they actually

365
00:14:13,110 --> 00:14:10,880
change

366
00:14:15,269 --> 00:14:13,120
probably due to microgravity and become

367
00:14:17,269 --> 00:14:15,279
more virulent and therefore there are

368
00:14:19,590 --> 00:14:17,279
much better test cases for producing

369
00:14:21,670 --> 00:14:19,600
vaccines we can get to the answer of the

370
00:14:24,230 --> 00:14:21,680
proper vaccine much faster because of

371
00:14:27,350 --> 00:14:24,240
these super microorganisms that that

372
00:14:29,509 --> 00:14:27,360
occur up here that can grow up here

373
00:14:31,590 --> 00:14:29,519
along the medical field

374
00:14:33,829 --> 00:14:31,600
another thing so much of this is

375
00:14:35,269 --> 00:14:33,839
unexpected there's a capillary flow

376
00:14:36,069 --> 00:14:35,279
experimental just working on the other

377
00:14:38,790 --> 00:14:36,079
day

378
00:14:40,710 --> 00:14:38,800
the intent is to provide

379
00:14:42,550 --> 00:14:40,720
fuel tanks for spacecraft that don't

380
00:14:44,470 --> 00:14:42,560
have to have pumps just use capillary

381
00:14:46,790 --> 00:14:44,480
flow well it turns out

382
00:14:49,350 --> 00:14:46,800
micro flow the flow of micro liters of

383
00:14:51,750 --> 00:14:49,360
fluid can use this technology as well

384
00:14:53,750 --> 00:14:51,760
and they've been working on producing

385
00:14:55,350 --> 00:14:53,760
better lab on a chip technology so you

386
00:14:58,150 --> 00:14:55,360
can have a greater

387
00:14:59,430 --> 00:14:58,160
suite of laboratory analysis you can do

388
00:15:01,509 --> 00:14:59,440
on blood

389
00:15:03,670 --> 00:15:01,519
just on a chip so put a cd and a little

390
00:15:05,030 --> 00:15:03,680
disc and uh get a blood analysis

391
00:15:07,110 --> 00:15:05,040
accomplished

392
00:15:09,829 --> 00:15:07,120
the list goes on i hope i'm not talking

393
00:15:11,350 --> 00:15:09,839
too much but it's it's very hard to say

394
00:15:12,790 --> 00:15:11,360
in just a few minutes everything that's

395
00:15:15,670 --> 00:15:12,800
going on particularly in the medical

396
00:15:20,790 --> 00:15:18,790
tom what is it about zero g

397
00:15:23,430 --> 00:15:20,800
that is causing

398
00:15:30,150 --> 00:15:26,470
differences in the production of a

399
00:15:32,150 --> 00:15:30,160
vaccine for mrsa and i also for for

400
00:15:36,949 --> 00:15:32,160
salmonella and i also understand for

401
00:15:41,749 --> 00:15:39,670
yes sir for mrsa as well

402
00:15:43,430 --> 00:15:41,759
that's a great question

403
00:15:44,949 --> 00:15:43,440
and i'm sure that there are scientists

404
00:15:45,910 --> 00:15:44,959
that can answer it much better than i

405
00:15:47,110 --> 00:15:45,920
could

406
00:15:49,590 --> 00:15:47,120
if just

407
00:15:51,030 --> 00:15:49,600
on my somewhat layman's

408
00:15:52,829 --> 00:15:51,040
knowledge on it

409
00:15:55,110 --> 00:15:52,839
every cell has a

410
00:15:57,910 --> 00:15:55,120
cytoskeleton there are changes to that

411
00:16:00,550 --> 00:15:57,920
cytoskeleton because of zero gravity how

412
00:16:03,030 --> 00:16:00,560
that changes gene expression within the

413
00:16:04,550 --> 00:16:03,040
cell within the microorganism i don't

414
00:16:06,870 --> 00:16:04,560
know the answer to that

415
00:16:08,790 --> 00:16:06,880
maybe it's not microgravity maybe it's

416
00:16:09,749 --> 00:16:08,800
potentially the the radiation

417
00:16:11,670 --> 00:16:09,759
environment

418
00:16:14,230 --> 00:16:11,680
although they're somewhat protected here

419
00:16:16,150 --> 00:16:14,240
i think it is microgravity but it's a

420
00:16:18,629 --> 00:16:16,160
great example of

421
00:16:20,870 --> 00:16:18,639
of we're we're in our infancy here and

422
00:16:23,189 --> 00:16:20,880
seeing what the benefits of doing

423
00:16:23,990 --> 00:16:23,199
research in microgravity are

424
00:16:25,910 --> 00:16:24,000
and

425
00:16:27,670 --> 00:16:25,920
so i i can't answer your question but i

426
00:16:29,269 --> 00:16:27,680
would love to know the answer i would

427
00:16:30,710 --> 00:16:29,279
love to talk to the experts that maybe

428
00:16:34,389 --> 00:16:30,720
are coming close to an answer to that

429
00:16:39,910 --> 00:16:36,790
let me ask a a lighter question on on a

430
00:16:42,310 --> 00:16:39,920
more personal side which is

431
00:16:43,590 --> 00:16:42,320
what do you do for recreation up there

432
00:16:47,910 --> 00:16:43,600
are there

433
00:16:52,790 --> 00:16:47,920
games you play nerf golf in zero g or

434
00:16:56,310 --> 00:16:54,629
you know actually

435
00:16:58,550 --> 00:16:56,320
for me

436
00:16:59,990 --> 00:16:58,560
just moving around the space station is

437
00:17:01,590 --> 00:17:00,000
a lot of fun

438
00:17:02,870 --> 00:17:01,600
we can have some competitions as to who

439
00:17:04,390 --> 00:17:02,880
can get through a module without

440
00:17:05,829 --> 00:17:04,400
touching a wall or

441
00:17:08,630 --> 00:17:05,839
who can stay free floating for the

442
00:17:10,390 --> 00:17:08,640
longest time without touching a wall but

443
00:17:12,789 --> 00:17:10,400
just the day-to-day work

444
00:17:15,350 --> 00:17:12,799
i love the efficiencies that we build up

445
00:17:17,029 --> 00:17:15,360
as we've been here for a while learn how

446
00:17:19,909 --> 00:17:17,039
to not put anything anywhere but just

447
00:17:21,110 --> 00:17:19,919
kind of it's like uh static juggling you

448
00:17:22,630 --> 00:17:21,120
just put everything up there that just

449
00:17:24,069 --> 00:17:22,640
sits there once you get good enough at

450
00:17:26,150 --> 00:17:24,079
it and you can do a lot of work without

451
00:17:27,270 --> 00:17:26,160
having to put anything down or restrain

452
00:17:28,470 --> 00:17:27,280
it

453
00:17:30,870 --> 00:17:28,480
looking out the window is a great

454
00:17:33,830 --> 00:17:30,880
pastime we have a guitar up here we play

455
00:17:36,150 --> 00:17:33,840
guitar uh usually just by ourselves off

456
00:17:38,950 --> 00:17:36,160
into a module somewhere

457
00:17:40,230 --> 00:17:38,960
we do have some books as well but it's

458
00:17:45,350 --> 00:17:40,240
it's hard to tear yourself away from

459
00:17:50,789 --> 00:17:48,470
uh you know uh the people on earth

460
00:17:53,590 --> 00:17:50,799
don't really know a lot about what's

461
00:17:56,310 --> 00:17:53,600
going on we have uh a contraption up

462
00:17:58,150 --> 00:17:56,320
there that's as long as from one goal

463
00:18:00,789 --> 00:17:58,160
post to the other goal posts on a

464
00:18:03,190 --> 00:18:00,799
football field and all of this

465
00:18:05,190 --> 00:18:03,200
scientific experiment is going on with

466
00:18:08,390 --> 00:18:05,200
six human beings

467
00:18:10,390 --> 00:18:08,400
uh what could you tell us earthlings

468
00:18:12,230 --> 00:18:10,400
that we can do better

469
00:18:13,830 --> 00:18:12,240
to get them to understand this

470
00:18:16,070 --> 00:18:13,840
extraordinarily

471
00:18:21,190 --> 00:18:16,080
this extraordinary flying machine that

472
00:18:25,430 --> 00:18:23,270
that's a great question i i believe

473
00:18:28,230 --> 00:18:25,440
we're making inroads as we go one of my

474
00:18:30,789 --> 00:18:28,240
colleagues chris hadfield has been using

475
00:18:32,230 --> 00:18:30,799
music to tell the story of of not just

476
00:18:34,789 --> 00:18:32,240
the personal experience of living on

477
00:18:36,470 --> 00:18:34,799
space station but just a glimpse of what

478
00:18:37,750 --> 00:18:36,480
it means in terms of the science return

479
00:18:39,510 --> 00:18:37,760
as well

480
00:18:40,789 --> 00:18:39,520
social media we've been trying to use

481
00:18:41,590 --> 00:18:40,799
quite a bit

482
00:18:51,029 --> 00:18:41,600
it

483
00:18:53,029 --> 00:18:51,039
that they really do want to know what's

484
00:18:53,990 --> 00:18:53,039
going on up here they are fascinated

485
00:18:56,070 --> 00:18:54,000
with it

486
00:18:57,750 --> 00:18:56,080
they like the direct access that some of

487
00:18:59,190 --> 00:18:57,760
the social media provides so they can

488
00:19:02,230 --> 00:18:59,200
ask directly a question and get a

489
00:19:05,190 --> 00:19:02,240
response directly back from an astronaut

490
00:19:06,470 --> 00:19:05,200
so we've been exploring that a good bit

491
00:19:07,830 --> 00:19:06,480
and

492
00:19:09,750 --> 00:19:07,840
that with the events that we're having

493
00:19:11,190 --> 00:19:09,760
right now we obviously are talking to a

494
00:19:13,590 --> 00:19:11,200
lot of schools do a lot of pre-flight

495
00:19:15,750 --> 00:19:13,600
and post flight work as well

496
00:19:18,150 --> 00:19:15,760
but uh that's a great question i think

497
00:19:19,830 --> 00:19:18,160
we're getting better at it

498
00:19:23,430 --> 00:19:19,840
and we'll continue to look for better

499
00:19:29,990 --> 00:19:26,070
well you are clearly a part of that

500
00:19:32,150 --> 00:19:30,000
uh and uh we thank you uh i you know

501
00:19:34,150 --> 00:19:32,160
we're going to mars

502
00:19:37,669 --> 00:19:34,160
and uh

503
00:19:40,070 --> 00:19:37,679
and we may go back to that

504
00:19:42,150 --> 00:19:40,080
retrograde orbit where we're going to

505
00:19:45,350 --> 00:19:42,160
nudge

506
00:19:48,230 --> 00:19:45,360
a piece of space into an orbit there a

507
00:19:50,870 --> 00:19:48,240
stable orbit we may go back to the moon

508
00:19:53,669 --> 00:19:50,880
in preparation to go to mars

509
00:19:55,909 --> 00:19:53,679
what do you think on the station that

510
00:20:00,710 --> 00:19:55,919
you're doing in preparation for us to go

511
00:20:05,510 --> 00:20:03,750
well virtually everything to keep humans

512
00:20:07,669 --> 00:20:05,520
alive and productive up here on the

513
00:20:09,830 --> 00:20:07,679
space station that that is no small

514
00:20:11,909 --> 00:20:09,840
matter it's something that we get better

515
00:20:14,230 --> 00:20:11,919
at every day

516
00:20:15,510 --> 00:20:14,240
you know we we live inside of a power

517
00:20:17,909 --> 00:20:15,520
station

518
00:20:19,350 --> 00:20:17,919
that's uh the biggest one in orbit

519
00:20:20,390 --> 00:20:19,360
that's why we're able to run so many

520
00:20:22,710 --> 00:20:20,400
experiments

521
00:20:25,430 --> 00:20:22,720
we have a water system where we we

522
00:20:26,870 --> 00:20:25,440
reclaim almost 100 of our water these

523
00:20:28,950 --> 00:20:26,880
are all things that we have to be able

524
00:20:30,310 --> 00:20:28,960
to do to leave earth orbit not be able

525
00:20:31,350 --> 00:20:30,320
to resupply

526
00:20:33,190 --> 00:20:31,360
so

527
00:20:35,350 --> 00:20:33,200
i believe i'm i'm living and working in

528
00:20:37,029 --> 00:20:35,360
the first mars vehicle

529
00:20:38,390 --> 00:20:37,039
uh the the next generation is going to

530
00:20:41,270 --> 00:20:38,400
learn from everything that we have

531
00:20:43,190 --> 00:20:41,280
learned the engineers uh astronauts the

532
00:20:44,950 --> 00:20:43,200
people that build spacecraft

533
00:20:47,029 --> 00:20:44,960
everything that we've learned here

534
00:20:48,789 --> 00:20:47,039
is going to be used and needs to be used

535
00:20:49,909 --> 00:20:48,799
for the for the next generation of

536
00:20:52,310 --> 00:20:49,919
vehicle

537
00:20:54,149 --> 00:20:52,320
so i think we're doing it right now and

538
00:20:55,830 --> 00:20:54,159
we need it's not easy we have to keep

539
00:20:57,430 --> 00:20:55,840
doing it it's not a switch you can turn

540
00:20:58,789 --> 00:20:57,440
off and turn back on again and think you

541
00:21:01,510 --> 00:20:58,799
have the answer

542
00:21:05,750 --> 00:21:01,520
right away it's a process that's very

543
00:21:10,470 --> 00:21:08,149
we have four minutes left in the window

544
00:21:11,510 --> 00:21:10,480
let's give somebody in the audience a

545
00:21:14,470 --> 00:21:11,520
chance

546
00:21:16,549 --> 00:21:14,480
step up and identify yourself for tom hi

547
00:21:18,630 --> 00:21:16,559
i'm jason hopkins i work in senator bill

548
00:21:19,750 --> 00:21:18,640
nelson's office um

549
00:21:20,549 --> 00:21:19,760
uh

550
00:21:22,310 --> 00:21:20,559
so

551
00:21:24,630 --> 00:21:22,320
can you explain uh how

552
00:21:27,029 --> 00:21:24,640
you know u.s private space companies

553
00:21:31,350 --> 00:21:27,039
uh are using the iss as a technology

554
00:21:36,070 --> 00:21:33,510
well primarily uh first of all it's a

555
00:21:38,789 --> 00:21:36,080
destination uh this is a product they

556
00:21:40,789 --> 00:21:38,799
can provide and a place to go in space

557
00:21:42,549 --> 00:21:40,799
we need it we need the uh need the

558
00:21:45,029 --> 00:21:42,559
supply we need to be able to return

559
00:21:46,230 --> 00:21:45,039
results to the ground

560
00:21:48,470 --> 00:21:46,240
so

561
00:21:50,390 --> 00:21:48,480
if they can do it that is

562
00:21:52,390 --> 00:21:50,400
an incredibly impressive technology

563
00:21:55,270 --> 00:21:52,400
demonstration going into space is not

564
00:21:57,590 --> 00:21:55,280
easy we can still just barely do it

565
00:21:59,510 --> 00:21:57,600
we've had companies with some problems

566
00:22:01,430 --> 00:21:59,520
with launches that's completely expected

567
00:22:03,190 --> 00:22:01,440
because this is still a very hard thing

568
00:22:05,510 --> 00:22:03,200
to do now having said that they're

569
00:22:07,270 --> 00:22:05,520
coming up with great efficiencies great

570
00:22:09,190 --> 00:22:07,280
new technologies built on what nasa's

571
00:22:10,870 --> 00:22:09,200
already done so that they can get

572
00:22:13,270 --> 00:22:10,880
probably cheaper better faster get

573
00:22:15,190 --> 00:22:13,280
things up to the space station

574
00:22:17,669 --> 00:22:15,200
so besides everything we've learned

575
00:22:24,830 --> 00:22:17,679
about spacecraft we're also providing

576
00:22:29,510 --> 00:22:27,430
well thank you doctor for your important

577
00:22:31,750 --> 00:22:29,520
work my name is ben bradley and i just

578
00:22:34,070 --> 00:22:31,760
wanted to ask something about your daily

579
00:22:36,549 --> 00:22:34,080
routine uh what you go through

580
00:22:38,549 --> 00:22:36,559
and uh and and how that helps you

581
00:22:39,669 --> 00:22:38,559
throughout the day developing a routine

582
00:22:45,190 --> 00:22:39,679
i know you've been up there for four

583
00:22:48,630 --> 00:22:46,549
well the ground certainly helps with

584
00:22:50,789 --> 00:22:48,640
that a lot every five minutes is blocked

585
00:22:53,270 --> 00:22:50,799
out but there's some variability there

586
00:22:54,950 --> 00:22:53,280
we wake up and typically we'll read

587
00:22:57,270 --> 00:22:54,960
summaries from the ground we do we do

588
00:22:58,950 --> 00:22:57,280
our homework uh ground sends itself the

589
00:23:01,110 --> 00:22:58,960
plan for the day and why the rationale

590
00:23:02,549 --> 00:23:01,120
for the plan uh things to look out for

591
00:23:04,710 --> 00:23:02,559
we read about the experiments we might

592
00:23:05,990 --> 00:23:04,720
even start looking into the procedures

593
00:23:07,830 --> 00:23:06,000
see if there's any hiccups that might

594
00:23:09,590 --> 00:23:07,840
come up but then we just implement the

595
00:23:11,990 --> 00:23:09,600
plan that we've been given if we find

596
00:23:14,149 --> 00:23:12,000
efficiencies we try to fill fill in more

597
00:23:15,669 --> 00:23:14,159
work during that time

598
00:23:17,350 --> 00:23:15,679
you know obviously we have a little

599
00:23:19,029 --> 00:23:17,360
break for uh for a meal in the middle of

600
00:23:21,190 --> 00:23:19,039
the day we do have our two and a half

601
00:23:23,350 --> 00:23:21,200
hour block of exercise that can occur

602
00:23:25,270 --> 00:23:23,360
just about any time during the day

603
00:23:27,669 --> 00:23:25,280
so that's very much into our routine as

604
00:23:30,630 --> 00:23:27,679
well and then uh after a meal which we

605
00:23:31,909 --> 00:23:30,640
often share with our russian colleagues

606
00:23:33,350 --> 00:23:31,919
it's great to be able to get together

607
00:23:36,310 --> 00:23:33,360
and just talk about the day talk about

608
00:23:38,390 --> 00:23:36,320
the work just amongst uh colleagues we

609
00:23:39,110 --> 00:23:38,400
also have a planning conference both at

610
00:23:42,789 --> 00:23:39,120
the

611
00:23:44,710 --> 00:23:42,799
it's kind of bookended that way

612
00:23:46,950 --> 00:23:44,720
and then it's time off we do kind of

613
00:23:48,789 --> 00:23:46,960
what i described before i'm i'm partial

614
00:23:50,390 --> 00:23:48,799
to doing a little bit of homework

615
00:23:52,070 --> 00:23:50,400
at night to get ready for the following

616
00:23:53,830 --> 00:23:52,080
day as well and usually at the end of

617
00:23:56,310 --> 00:23:53,840
the day we call uh home we have an

618
00:23:59,350 --> 00:23:56,320
opportunity uh to either email or call

619
00:24:03,029 --> 00:24:00,950
all right they're telling us we've got

620
00:24:05,909 --> 00:24:03,039
to wrap so we want to thank you we want

621
00:24:08,789 --> 00:24:05,919
to wish you and two of your crewmates

622
00:24:10,870 --> 00:24:08,799
a safe journey home and as we close out

623
00:24:11,669 --> 00:24:10,880
why don't you do a back flip for us show

624
00:24:16,830 --> 00:24:11,679
us

625
00:24:29,590 --> 00:24:18,950
are i don't know about that but let me

626
00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:35,909
all right thank you so much

627
00:24:39,750 --> 00:24:37,909
it has been a real privilege to talk to

628
00:24:43,590 --> 00:24:39,760
you thank you it's been an honor and a

629
00:24:50,710 --> 00:24:45,269
thank you very much

630
00:24:57,830 --> 00:24:52,549
the station this is houston acr that

631
00:25:01,590 --> 00:24:59,510
senator nelson members of the senate and

632
00:25:03,990 --> 00:25:01,600
staff station we are now resuming

633
00:25:06,070 --> 00:25:04,000
operational audio communication down